Diario de Sanse entrevista a Juan Ignacio Codina Segovia, autor del libro «Pan y toros. Breve historia del pensamiento antitaurino español». Este periodista, y doctor en Historia Contemporánea, presenta su trabajo este sábado 9 a las 12:00 horas en la sala de conferencias de la biblioteca central (Marcos Ana) de San Sebastián de los Reyes. Habrá aforo limitado.

Se trata de una figura que se ha formado en este tema, ya que tiene una tesis titulada El pensamiento antitaurino en España, de la Ilustración del XVIII hasta la actualidad. Además, es cofundador y subdirector del Observatorio Justicia y Defensa Animal, y profesor del Máster en Derecho Animal y Sociedad en la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Pregunta. ¿En qué consiste el libro?
Respuesta. El libro recoge las principales conclusiones de mi tesis doctoral. Me doctoré en historia contemporánea en 2018 con una tesis que trataba de investigar las raíces del pensamiento antitaurino en la historia de España. Al final la cosa fue mucho más de lo que me esperaba. En España existen posiciones contrarias a la tauromaquia desde el siglo XIII. Además, generación tras generación ha habido grandes hombres y mujeres de diferentes ámbitos que han alzado su voz contra la tauromaquia por consistir en una barbarie que se fundamenta en hacer sufrir a un animal noble. También genera grandes perjuicios al país. Una de las grandes conclusiones a la que se llega en este libro es que el antitaurinismo no es una moda. Se evidencia de manera académica.
Esto no formaba parte solo de una élite intelectual. La propia sociedad con el paso del tiempo crea asociaciones para hacer ver a los gobernantes que hay que erradicar la tauromaquia.
«En los últimos años se está viviendo un momento de esplendor respecto a esta oposición a la tauromaquia»
P. ¿El movimiento antitaurino está en su momento más álgido de su historia en la actualidad?
R. Sí, sin menospreciar el bagaje histórico. Nos han contado un pensamiento único antitaurino. Ya Jovellanos, Cadalso, Larra, Unamuno, Umbral… estaban en contra. Nos quieren desmemoriados y tenemos que defender ese legado. El antitaurinismo una seña de identidad de nuestro país. Se ha silenciado para imponer ese pensamiento único. Es cierto que en los últimos años se está viviendo un momento de esplendor social y político respecto a esta oposición a la tauromaquia. Esto se une a que cada vez va menos público a las plazas de toros y hay menos festejos.

No conviene «lanzar las campanas al vuelo» porque se ha intentado prohibir la tauromaquia a lo largo de la historia y no se ha conseguido. Es un monstruo. Políticamente la irrupción de formaciones como Unidas Podemos o Más País o el movimiento ecologista demuestran que la tauromaquia no campa a sus anchas.
«La sociedad aborrece cada vez más estas costumbres»
P. Entonces, ¿crees que la tauromaquia va a desaparecer en poco tiempo?
R. No, soy muy prudente porque conozco la historia. La tauromaquia vive porque tiene y ha tenido un apoyo institucional público muy fuerte por la política del «pan y toros», como dice el libro. Históricamente la tauromaquia ha sido utilizada como un arma de distracción masiva. Esto ya sucedía en Roma con el «plan y circo». La gente carecía de derechos, pero tenía sus divertimentos. Hoy en día la tauromaquia sigue apoyada por el PP, VOX o la monarquía. No podemos pensar que se acabará de un día para otro, pero es verdad que la sociedad aborrece cada vez más estas costumbres.
Será difícil que acabe pronto. Recordemos que el PP de Rajoy bajó el IVA de los toros del 21 al 10% o el dinero que dan los ayuntamientos a esto. El claro ejemplo de defensa a la tauromaquia en Madrid lo tenemos con Ayuso y Almeida.
«Cuando uno se pronuncia públicamente con este tema recibes ataques en redes sociales»
P. Este sábado presentas el libro en Sanse. Un municipio taurino con sus encierros y feria taurina de agosto. ¿Te han llegado comentarios negativos por venir aquí a hablar de un libro antitaurino?
R. No, a mí no. A los mejor a los organizadores del evento, la Peña Ferdinand, sí. Por lo general cuando uno se pronuncia públicamente con este tema recibes ataques en redes sociales. Me han tachado d mentiroso o manipulador. Ahí está mi trabajo. Yo voy a presentar mi libro y a exponer de manera argumentada que la tauromaquia no tiene cabida en una sociedad que mira al futuro de manera progresista.
«No se puede hablar de libertad cuando el fundamento histórico de la tauromaquia consiste en martirizar a un animal hasta que muera desangrado«
P. Una de las frases más escuchadas del sector taurino es que les dejen ir a las plazas de toros en libertad. Quien no quiera ir que no vaya, pero que no impidan que lo haga al que le guste. ¿Qué opinas?
R. El tema de la libertad es muy curioso. La libertad conlleva una gran responsabilidad. Esto no es el mayo 68 francés o una anarquía. Mi libertad termina cuando afecta a terceros. No se puede hablar de libertad cuando el fundamento histórico de la tauromaquia consiste en martirizar a un animal hasta que muera desangrado. Hay una hipocresía hablando de libertad cuando utilizan luego los fondos públicos para financiar la tauromaquia, como hacen las políticas socialistas. Eso no es liberal. Deberían dejar que el mercado decida, que el lo que les gusta.
«Si queremos que los animales tengan los mejores defensores posibles no cabe otra que hay que formarse«
P. Por último, ¿cómo puede un antitaurino ayudar en la sociedad para minimizar la tauromaquia?
R. Es una buena pregunta. Yo, que soy antitaurino, anticaza… empecé como activista y llegué un momento que pensé que más podía hacer. Por eso hice la primera tesis en España sobre el antitaurinismo. Si queremos que los animales tengan los mejores defensores posibles no cabe otra que hay que formarse. Para combatir a un enemigo tan poderoso hay que estar muy preparado. Además de asistir a reuniones, votar… Hay que inculcar a los hijos la necesidad de estudiar. Nos quieren ignorantes y no lo somos.
Cada vez más las generaciones más jóvenes estudian derecho para defender a los animales o estudian magisterio para educar a los niños sobre el amor a los animales.
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