Fuente: Santiago Izquierdo

Este artículo contenía una segunda parte que no me dieron lugar a que lo redactase, puesto que algunos ediles consideraron que debían ser vetados este tipo de artículos que hiciesen referencia a los fuegos artificiales o la “pólvora”, como siempre se los denominó en Sanse, y qué, por tanto, no fuesen publicados en la revista municipal “La Plaza de la Constitución”.


Revisando añejos escritos he encontrado el citado artículo y he considerado publicarlo ahora en un medio de comunicación que no esté sometido a decisiones arbitrarias de índole político, aunque no viene al caso mencionar quiénes y que grupo político fueron los autores de esta decisión, pero que me recordaron a la “censura” de tiempos pasados. Por ello, os lo expongo a
continuación tal como lo redacté:


“En diversas ocasiones he comentado en coloquios y en diversos artículos que
en San Sebastián de los Reyes hay tres tradiciones centenarias, la primera es
la devoción al Cristo de los Remedios, la segunda es la de correr los toros, es
decir, los encierros y la tercera es la quema de la pólvora.


Ya desde tiempo inmemorial nuestros antepasados tenían dedicados cuatro
días a la “función”, que con esta palabra designaban las fiestas populares del
mes de agosto en honor al Santísimo Cristo de los Remedios, cuatro días con
sus respectivos nombres: el día 27 era el Día de la Pólvora, el 28 el Día del
Cristo, el día 29 el Día de los Toros y el 30 el Día de las Higueras.


A ese primer día de las fiestas, el Día de la Pólvora, le voy a dedicar unas
líneas. En los carteles y programas de las fiestas actualmente podemos
apreciar que el mencionado día 27 es el de los Fuegos Artificiales, que es el
equivalente actual a la “quema de la pólvora o invenciones de fuego” de
nuestros mayores, y como todos los demás festejos ha ido evolucionando en
su desarrollo con los años. Se ha pasado de aquellos árboles que se
quemaban en la Plaza del Ayuntamiento, en la fachada del Caserón, y que se
prendían entre “pieza y pieza” bailable, hasta que llegaba la quema del árbol
central, el cual era mucho más vistoso y de mayor colorido que el resto, y que
en un momento de la quema se desenrollaba un pequeño tapiz con la imagen
del Cristo y la banda de música hacía sonar el himno nacional, hasta el
emplazamiento actual que son disparados desde el Parque de la Marina.
No es de extrañar que un grupo de vecinos de Sanse se hayan decidido a crear
una asociación, “Pirosanse”, que tiene como fin principal el conservar esta
tradición centenaria de nuestra localidad.
Los primeros datos de quemar pólvora
Como muestra de la antigüedad de esa costumbre de disfrutar con las
“invenciones de fuego” ya la tenemos recogida en un documento de 1645 que

se conserva en el Archivo Histórico Nacional, en la Sección de Consejos, y que
es el siguiente:


Juan Pérez en nombre de los mayordomos y priostes de la Degollación
de San Juan Bautista, del lugar de San Sebastián de los Reyes, digo
que el dicho lugar celebra todos los años fiesta por ser advocación suya
y devoción como es en tener algunas invenciones de fuego, y correr
toros para que lo puedan hacer sin incurrir en pena alguna. A VS. pido y
suplico mande darles licencia para que puedan correr toros y hacer la
fiesta.


En este mismo documento consta la siguiente autorización:


En la villa de Madrid a veinticinco del mes de agosto de mil seiscientos
cuarenta y cinco, ante mí el escribano y testigos parecieron presentes
Sebastián Vázquez, mayordomo de la cofradía de San Juan de la villa
de San Sebastián de los Reyes como principal y Juan del Campo, vecino
de la dicha villa como su fiador, y ambos y cada uno por si insolidum y
por el todo renunciando como renunciaron las leyes de duobus rex
duvendi, en cada una de ellas se contiene, dijeron que por cuanto por los
señores alcaldes de la Casa y Corte de Su Magestad y por su auto de
veintitrés de este presente mes se ha dado licencia a los mayordomos y
priostes de la dicha villa de San Sebastián de los Reyes para hacer el
día de la dicha festividad fuegos de invención y correr toros dando fianza
de que así por los incendios como por los toros no resultara daño
alguno, en conformidad en el dicho auto se obligaban y obligan que en
caso que así por el incendio y fiesta de toros resultare algún daño de
incendio que suceda o desgracia de muerte en los toros y en cualquiera
otra manera pagarán lo que fuere juzgado y sentenciado para lo cual
obligaron cada uno de por si insolidum y por el todo sus personas y
bienes habidos y por haber, dieron poder a las justicias de Su Magestad
y en especial a los dichos señores alcaldes a cuyo fuero y jurisdicción se
sometieron, recibiéndolo por sentencia pasada en cosa juzgada,
renunciaron a las leyes de su favor y a cualquier ley, derechos de ella en
forma que lo otorgaron así, siendo testigos Francisco de Alfaro, Antonio
Beltrán y Francisco García.


En este mismo documento aparece un párrafo un tanto significativo como es
que el día 28 de agosto se hace fiesta a su Divina Majestad, quedando implícito
que es en honor del Cristo de los Remedios, aunque no quede reflejado
literalmente.


De la lectura de la respuesta de autorización que dan las autoridades para
celebrar la fiesta queda meridianamente claro que los solicitantes quedan
obligados a pagar, incluso con sus bienes, de los daños que pudieran ocurrir si se producían incendios a consecuencia de las invenciones de fuego o algunas
desgracias de muerte en el correr de los toros.
En el Archivo Municipal no ha quedado constancia documental de la existencia
de dicha cofradía de la Degollación de San Juan Bautista, lo que sí es
revelador es que esta advocación se conmemora por la Iglesia católica el día
29 de agosto, fecha que coincide con el día que tradicionalmente se conoce por
el de los toros. Y que el día anterior se celebraba una fiesta religiosa en honor
del Cristo que se veneraba de antiguo y que en la primera mitad del siglo XVII
se le empieza a denominar como de los Remedios. El 28 de agosto de 1703
tuvo lugar la bendición de la capilla del Cristo que fue costeada por Don Andrés
de Navacerrada y su mujer Doña Ángela Gadea.


Expedientes de festejos
De los expedientes de festejos que han “sobrevivido” y que se conservan en el
Archivo Municipal podemos encontrar en todos ellos el importe de la pólvora,
por ello sabemos que en el año 1731 los gastos ascendieron a 200 reales.
En un próximo número de la Revista La Plaza seguiré reflejando diversos
expedientes de diferentes años, así como las curiosidades que encierran las
propuestas que ofertan los polvoristas”.
Hasta aquí lo que escribí, espero de vuestra benevolencia y que no me lo
censuréis.
Santiago Izquierdo G. Bárcena. Cronista Oficial de San Sebastián de los
Reyes y Archivero Emérito.

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